Comparing the discourses of Aristotle, Plato and Socrates in Iqbalnameh Based on Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Persian language and literature of Isfahan University. Isfahan. Iran

2 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Isfahan. Isfahan. Iran

Abstract

In Nizami's works, the characters of each story speak according to their individual characteristics. This article has analyzed Iqbalnameh from this point of view. When Alexander asks Aristotle, Plato and Socrates to prepare a "kherad nameh" for him, each of them prepares that for the king according to their position and individual characteristics. In this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the differences in the discourse of these three philosophers based on Fairclough's three-dimensional model. Fairclough's theory is examined in three levels: description, interpretation and explanation. Description is the analysis of a text in the form of words, syntax, phonetic system or higher levels of a sentence. At the level of interpretation, the content of the text is evaluated based on the interpreter's mentality or background knowledge . Explanation examines discourse as a social process. The results of the research indicate that the logic of the dialogue and the arrangement of Plato's kherad nameh is elegantly arranged based on the evaluation of his low position in relation to the king. While the discourse of Aristotle and then Socrates is at the level of commanding . Plato speaks to the king from a lower position, Aristotle puts himself on the same footing as the king, and Socrates considers himself superior to the king in some cases, Therefore, he does not shy away from giving orders to the king and using insulting words

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