A Conceptual Reading of Endophasia in Jalal Al-e-Ahmad’s Sangi bar Goori: A George Saint-Paulian Approach

In the field of psychology, endophasia is a much-discussed phenomenon. Also called silent or imagined speech, endophasia is thinking in the form of sound. It is hard to track endophasia in literature. Linguists are still exploring different ways to decode imagined speech. Not only does endophasia give depth to characterization, but it also portrays human complications and contradictions. Informed by George Saint-Paul’s theories, this study aims to investigate endophasia in Jalal Al-e-Ahmad’s Sangi bar Goori, and explore the representations of the author’s worldview in the text. To achieve this goal, this article analyses Al-e-Ahmad’s imagined speech in the light of his imagery. The results of this study show that Al-e-Ahmad expresses his imagined speech in the form of images and imagery.
 
Extended Abstract
1. Introduction
Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself or self-to-self communication. Imagined speech is thinking in the form of sound. Some scholars argue that this internal connection is the only form of internal expression. Nonetheless, there are other forms of expression through external tools such as journaling, listing, etc. In textual internal connections, messages are formulated in accordance with language and linguistic codes, which are in contrast with non-verbal expressions. The difference between internal speech and imagined speech is that internal speech is a monologue but several voices comprise an imagined speech. Intrapersonal communication correlates with other phenomena, such as planning, problem-solving, reasoning, perception, self-convincing, and dreaming. Some scholars believe that interpreting internal and external stimuli is the first step in exploring the process of intrapersonal communication. At the next stage, the symbolic coding of a message becomes a new stimulus. Nowadays, authors, whether consciously or unconsciously, put pen to paper to express their imagined speech.
2. Methodology
This study adopts a Saint-Paulian cognitive psychology approach to investigate imagined speech. It aims to uncover the implicit correlations between the text and the author’s unconscious.
3. Theoretical Framework
Internal monologues and streams of consciousness facilitate the expression of intrapersonal communication, which, in turn, complicates the narration in the form of imagined and internal speech.
4. Discussion and Analysis
Informed by George Saint-Paul’s theories, this study aims to investigate endophasia in Jalal Al-e-Ahmad’s Sangi bar Goori, and explore the representations of the author’s worldview in the text.
5. Conclusion
This study shows the importance of endophasia as an analytic tool in literary psychoanalysis. This article concludes that Al-e-Ahmad’s usage of interrogative questions and unstructured sentimental expressions showcase his effort to express his internal realities and unsolved complications. Edophasia enables us to have a more profound understanding of the characters and the author.
Bibliography
Aucouturier, M. 1957. “Langage intérieur et analyse psychologique chez Tolstoj,” Revue des études slaves. No, 34.‎ 7-14. [In French].
Bergounioux, G. 2001. “Endophasie et linguistique,” Langue française. No, 132.‎ 106-124. [In French].
Bergounioux, G. 2001. “Esquisse d’une histoire négative de l’endophasie,” Langue française. No, 132.‎ 3-25. [In French].
Bergounioux, G. 2022. “La Parole Intérieure en Littérature. Dujardin  Entre Psychologie et Symbolisme,”  Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française. 1-12. [In French].
Binet, A. 1904.  “Lemaître, ‘Observations sur le langage intérieur des enfants’,” L’année psychologique. No, 11.‎ 643-644. [In French].
Egger, V. 1881. La Parole Intérieure : Essai de psychologie descriptive. Paris: Germer Baillière. [In French].
Farley, M. J. 1992. “Thought and Talk: The Intrapersonal Component of Human Communication,” AORN Journal. 56 (3): 481-484.
Jules de Goncourt, E. 1864. Germinie Lacerteux. NP: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.
Rabatel, A. 2001. “Les Représentations de la Parole Intérieure,” Langue française. No, 132.‎ 72-95. [In French].
Saint-Paul, G. 1892. Essais Sur le Langage Intérieur Lyon: Storck.