معرفی روش‌های مبتنی بر خطابه باستان در نقد رتوریکی کتاب مقدس و بررسی چالش‌های به کارگیری آنها در مطالعات نامه به عبرانیان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه تهران و پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی

چکیده

نقد رتوریکی در چند دهه اخیر به عنوان روشی برای ارزیابی نامه‌های کتاب مقدس شناخته شده‌است و منتقدان بسیاری از این رویکرد انتقادی برای مطالعه نامه‌های مسیحی بهره گرفته‌اند. به‌غیر از ساختار ارتباطی نامه‌ها -که طبعاً برای تحلیل رتوریکی مناسب است- علت دیگر کاربست نقد رتوریکی برای بررسی نامه‌ها آن است که به نظر می‌رسد نامه‌های مسیحی در شیوه نگارش تحت تأثیر قوانین خطابه باستان بوده‌اند. امروزه برخی از محققان باور دارند که اصول نامه‌‌نگاری در دوران باستان تحت تأثیر تعلیمات معلمان خطابه به شیوه خاصی تنظیم شده‌است و این امر شباهت‌هایی را میان خطابه‌ها و نامه‌‌ها در دوران باستان به وجود آورده‌است. این نظر اگرچه به طور کامل در محافل آکادمیک پذیرفته نیست، اما گروهی از منتقدان را بر آن داشته‌است تا براساس اصول خطابه باستان به نقد رتوریکی نامه‌های کتاب مقدس اهتمام کنند. در این مقاله ضمن معرفی مهم‌ترین روش‌هایی که براساس اصول خطابه باستان در نقد رتوریکی کتاب مقدس پدید آمده‌است، چالش‌های موجود در به‌کارگیری این روش‌ها را در مطالعات نقد رتوریکی نامه به عبرانیان ارزیابی می‌کنیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Introduction to the Methods based on Ancient Oratory in the Rhetorical Criticism of the Holy Book and the Challenges Facing their Application in Studies on the Epistle to the Hebrews

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ahmadi 1
  • Taghi Pournamdarian 2
1 PhD Candidate in Persian Language and Literature, University of Tehran
2 Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Tehran and Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
چکیده [English]

In the recent decades, rhetorical criticism has been recognized as a method for the assessment of the letters in the Holy Book and many critics have applied this critical approach in studying Christian epistles. Apart from the communicative structure of the epistles – which is, naturally, fit for rhetorical analysis – another reason for the application of rhetorical criticism in studying the letters seems to be the fact that in their composition, the Christian epistles have been influenced by the principles of ancient oratory. Nowadays, some scholars believe that due to the influence of the instructions of oratory teachers, the principles of letter-writing in the ancient times were regulated in a special style and this has caused similarities between orations and letters in ancient times. Even though this view is not completely accepted in academic circles, it has motivated some scholars to attempt rhetorical analyses of the epistles of the Holy Book following the principles of ancient oratory. The present article first introduces the most important methods that, based on the principles of ancient oratory, have emerged in the rhetorical criticism of the Holy Book and, then, assesses the existing challenges in applying these methods in studies on the rhetorical criticism of the Epistle to the Hebrews.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • rhetorical criticism
  • rhetoric
  • Oratory
  • The Holy Book
  • Letter-writing
  • Epistle to the Hebrews

مراجع

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نقد و نظریه ادبی
دوره 2، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 3
پیاپی 3
فروردین 1396
صفحه 129-149

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